Could The Earth Be Repopulated If Only Two People Were Remaining?

What will make repopulating the Earth with only two people very difficult is that the necessary inbreeding will encourage recessive diseases to appear in the growing population. This is explained by the National Human Genome Research Institute, which points out that each person receives two versions of each gene from a parent. Genes can be dominant or recessive. In the case of recessive traits, two recessive genes must be inherited. In a normal population, most recessive genes are suppressed by dominant genes, but in an inbred population, recessive genes come to the fore. 

The European Journal of Public Health's published research shows that in populations that are closely related to one another, diseases appear. For example, some populations in North Africa are highly intermarried, resulting in a prevalence of sick cell disease. One dramatic example of how inbreeding can impact a population is described by National Geographic. Pingelap Atoll, an island in the Pacific, is populated from a small stock of survivors from a 1775 typhoon (according to legend). One of the survivors, who happened to be the chief, had a gene for extreme color blindness called complete achromatopsia. This gene occurs in the normal population at a rate of one in 30,000. But on Pingelap, 10% of the population have it, resulting in a high degree of colorblindness. Naturally, colorblindness is mild compared to other recessive types of diseases that can emerge when there is a high consanguinity.

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